测试开发进阶(一)

虚拟环境

安装

$ pip install virtualenv
$ pip install virtualenvwrapper-win # windows下的管理工具
$ pip install virtualenvwrapper
$ pip install pipenv

查看已安装的虚拟环境

$ workon

Windows修改安装的位置

新增环境变量

变量名：WORKON_HOME
变量值：虚拟环境存放路径

Linux修改安装的位置

# pip后建立软连接
$ ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/virtualenv /usr/bin/virtualenv

# Linux配置虚拟环境路径
$ vim ~/.bashrc
# mac配置
$ vim ~/.bash_profile

# 新增
export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python
export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs

source /usr/local/python3/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh

# 执行命令，让配置生效
# Linux
source ~/.bashrc
# mac
source ~/.bash_profile

创建虚拟环境

-p指定解释器

1	$ mkvirtualenv -p python3 test_py3

进入虚拟环境

1	$ workon test_py3

退出虚拟环境

1	$ deactivate

删除虚拟环境

1	$ rmvirtualenv test_py3

导出虚拟环境中所有的模块和包

1	$ pip frezz >requirements.txt

安装requirements.txt中的包

1	$ pip install -r requirements.txt

virtualenv存在的问题

virtualenv卸载一个包之后，相关依赖不会被同步卸载

pipenv

与项目绑定

创建虚拟环境

1	$ pipenv install

进入虚拟环境

1	$ pipenv shell

退出虚拟环境

exit

安装包

在哪个路径下操作，就安装到哪个环境

1	$ pipenv install requests

查看依赖

1	$ pipenv graph

卸载包

当前环境的依赖不会被卸载

移植Pipfile和Pipfile.lock后重新生成不会携带

1	$ pipenv uninstall requests

开发环境安装

1	$ pipenv install --dev requests

导出包

1	$ pipenv lock -r >requirements.txt

删除虚拟环境

Pipfile和Pipfile.lock不会被删除

1	$ pipenv --rm

编码规范

python之禅

import this

The Zen of Python, by Tim Peters

Beautiful is better than ugly.

Explicit is better than implicit.

Simple is better than complex.

Complex is better than complicated.

Flat is better than nested.

Sparse is better than dense.

Readability counts.

Special cases aren’t special enough to break the rules.

Although practicality beats purity.

Errors should never pass silently.

Unless explicitly silenced.

In the face of ambiguity, refuse the temptation to guess.

There should be one– and preferably only one –obvious way to do it.

Although that way may not be obvious at first unless you’re Dutch.

Now is better than never.

Although never is often better than right now.

If the implementation is hard to explain, it’s a bad idea.

If the implementation is easy to explain, it may be a good idea.

Namespaces are one honking great idea – let’s do more of those!

缩进

每一级缩进使用4个空格

# 左对齐
foo = long_function_name(var_one, var_two,
                         var_three, var_four)
# 换行缩进
foo = long_function_name(
   var_one, var_two,
   var_three, var_four)

# 用更多的缩进来与其他行区分
foo = long_function_name(
   var_one, var_two, var_three,
   var_four)