测试开发进阶(二十八)

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测试开发进阶(二十八)

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如果前端请求头中没有指定Accept 默认返回json格式的数据

text/html

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$ http -v :8000/project/1/ Accept:text/html

返回页面

application/json

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$ http -v :8000/project/1/ Accept:application/json

![返回json](../../../Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20191022214337309.png)

使用GenericAPIView重写ProjectDetail

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class ProjectDetail(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Projects.objects.all()
    serializer_class = ProjectModelSerializer

    def get(self, request, pk):
        project = self.get_object()
        serializer = self.get_serializer(instance=project)
        return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)

GenericAPIView

从源码中可以看到GenericAPIView中实现了get_object方法

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def get_object(self):
    """
    Returns the object the view is displaying.

    You may want to override this if you need to provide non-standard
    queryset lookups.  Eg if objects are referenced using multiple
    keyword arguments in the url conf.
    """
    queryset = self.filter_queryset(self.get_queryset())

    # Perform the lookup filtering.
    lookup_url_kwarg = self.lookup_url_kwarg or self.lookup_field

    assert lookup_url_kwarg in self.kwargs, (
        'Expected view %s to be called with a URL keyword argument '
        'named "%s". Fix your URL conf, or set the `.lookup_field` '
        'attribute on the view correctly.' %
        (self.__class__.__name__, lookup_url_kwarg)
    )

    filter_kwargs = {self.lookup_field: self.kwargs[lookup_url_kwarg]}
    obj = get_object_or_404(queryset, **filter_kwargs)

    # May raise a permission denied
    self.check_object_permissions(self.request, obj)

    return obj

查看self.lookup_field可以找到

lookup_field = 'pk'

进入get_object_or_404可以看到一个解包，这样就拿到了查询集中id=1的内容

解包

所以使用lookup_field类属性，可以修改传入的内容命名

  • 使用get_serializer获取序列化器

全局指定排序

在LearnDjango/settings.py中添加

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REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    "DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES": (
        # json渲染器为第一优先级
        "rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer",
        # 可浏览的API渲染为第二优先级
        "rest_framework.renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer",
    ),
    'DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS': ['rest_framework.filters.OrderingFilter']
}

过滤

安装

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$ pip install django-filter

使用

添加django_filtersAPP

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INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'rest_framework',
    'django_filters',
    # 注册子应用
    # 子应用名.apps.子应用名首字母大写Config
    'projects.apps.ProjectsConfig',
    'interfaces.apps.InterfacesConfig',
    'corsheaders',
]

在projects/views.py导入

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from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend

在projects.views.ProjectsList添加 

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# 5.在类视图中指定过滤引擎
filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend]
# 6.指定过滤的字段
filterset_fields = ['name', 'leader']

查询

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$ http :8000/project/ name=='测试游记1'
zhongxindeMacBook-Pro:~ zhongxin$ http :8000/project/ name=='测试游记1'
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Allow: GET, POST, HEAD, OPTIONS
Content-Length: 130
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 2019 14:19:31 GMT
Server: WSGIServer/0.2 CPython/3.7.1
Vary: Accept, Origin, Cookie
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN

[
    {
        "desc": "6666",
        "id": 2,
        "interfaces_set": [],
        "name": "测试游记1",
        "programer": "zhong1",
        "publish_app": "公众号1",
        "tester": "zx1"
    }
]

过滤

在全局指定

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REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    "DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES": (
        # json渲染器为第一优先级
        "rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer",
        # 可浏览的API渲染为第二优先级
        "rest_framework.renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer",
    ),
    'DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS': ['rest_framework.filters.OrderingFilter',
                                'django_filters.rest_framework.DjangoFilterBackend']
}

分页

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REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    "DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES": (
        # json渲染器为第一优先级
        "rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer",
        # 可浏览的API渲染为第二优先级
        "rest_framework.renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer",
    ),
    'DEFAULT_FILTER_BACKENDS': ['rest_framework.filters.OrderingFilter',
                                'django_filters.rest_framework.DjangoFilterBackend'],
    # 在全局指定分页的引擎
    'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_CLASS': 'rest_framework.pagination.PageNumberPagination',
    # 同时必须指定每页显示的条数
    'PAGE_SIZE': 3,
}

修改projects.views.ProjectsList#get

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def get(self, reuqest):
   # 使用get_queryset获取查询集
    project_qs = self.get_queryset() 
    # 使用filter_queryset方法过滤查询
    project_qs = self.filter_queryset(project_qs)  
    # 使用paginate_queryset进行分页，然后返回分页之后的查询集
    page = self.paginate_queryset(project_qs)  
    if page is not None:
        serializer = self.get_serializer(instance=page, many=True)
        return self.get_paginated_response(serializer.data)
    serializer = self.get_serializer(instance=project_qs, many=True)
    return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_200_OK)

分页后

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zhongxindeMacBook-Pro:~ zhongxin$ http :8000/project/
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Allow: GET, POST, HEAD, OPTIONS
Content-Length: 520
Content-Type: application/json
Date: Tue, 22 Oct 2019 14:41:54 GMT
Server: WSGIServer/0.2 CPython/3.7.1
Vary: Accept, Origin, Cookie
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN

{
    "count": 5,
    "next": "http://localhost:8000/project/?page=2",
    "previous": null,
    "results": [
        {
            "desc": "666",
            "id": 1,
            "interfaces_set": [
                "Interfaces object (1)",
                "Interfaces object (2)"
            ],
            "name": "测试游记",
            "programer": "zhong",
            "publish_app": "公众号",
            "tester": "zx"
        },
        {
            "desc": "6666",
            "id": 2,
            "interfaces_set": [],
            "name": "测试游记1",
            "programer": "zhong1",
            "publish_app": "公众号1",
            "tester": "zx1"
        },
        {
            "desc": "666",
            "id": 3,
            "interfaces_set": [],
            "name": "「测试游记」-创建",
            "programer": "zx",
            "publish_app": "公众号",
            "tester": "zx"
        }
    ]
}

zhongxindeMacBook-Pro:~ zhongxin$

分页后

自定义分页

在utils.pagination.PageNumberPaginationManual新写一个类继承于PageNumberPagination

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from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination


class PageNumberPaginationManual(PageNumberPagination):
    page_query_param = 'p'  # url中查询关键字从page修改为p
    page_size = 2  # 每页显示的条数为2
    max_page_size = 50  # 分页的最大的page_size

image-20191022224552266

在某个类中指定分页

添加

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pagination_class = PageNumberPaginationManual

再次优化

借鉴python3.7/site-packages/rest_framework/mixins.py

查看rest_framework.mixins.ListModelMixin

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class ListModelMixin:
    """
    List a queryset.
    """
    def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        queryset = self.filter_queryset(self.get_queryset())

        page = self.paginate_queryset(queryset)
        if page is not None:
            serializer = self.get_serializer(page, many=True)
            return self.get_paginated_response(serializer.data)

        serializer = self.get_serializer(queryset, many=True)
        return Response(serializer.data)

发现和projects.views.ProjectsList#get一样

修改get

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from rest_framework import mixins
class ProjectsList(mixins.ListModelMixin, GenericAPIView):
  
    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)

全部优化后：

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from projects.models import Projects
from projects.serializer import ProjectModelSerializer
from rest_framework.generics import GenericAPIView
from django_filters.rest_framework import DjangoFilterBackend
from rest_framework import mixins


class ProjectsList(mixins.ListModelMixin,
                   mixins.CreateModelMixin,
                   GenericAPIView):
    ordering_fields = ['name', 'leader']
    queryset = Projects.objects.all()
    serializer_class = ProjectModelSerializer
    filter_backends = [DjangoFilterBackend]
    filterset_fields = ['name', 'leader', 'tester']

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)


class ProjectDetail(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,
                    mixins.UpdateModelMixin,
                    mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
                    GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Projects.objects.all()
    serializer_class = ProjectModelSerializer

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)

    def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)
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